House car



June 25, 1935 J. P. MCWILLIAMS Er AL v l 2,006,220

HOUSE CAR Filed March 16, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet l I III / Zia June 25,1935- J. l5. MGWILLIAMS ET AL 2,006,220

HOUSE CAR Filled March 16,1933 3 sheets-sheet 2 7/ i294 F395 74 da gymJune 25, 1.935. J. F?. vlvacwlLLlArvls Er AL 2,006,220

HOUSE'CAR Filed March 16, 1953 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 445/ 46/ ."T i Il l 'l*44 l Patented June 25, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE i' HOUSE CAR ofOhio Application March 16,

12 Claims.

'I'his invention relates to an improvement in house cars. l

At the present time there are a large number of Wooden sheathed box carsowned by various railroads of the country having an inside Width betweenlining of about 8' 6". The superstructure of many of these cars is sobadly deteriorated as to render the cars unilt for further service intheir present condition, and the remainderare approaching .the samecondition. The underframes of many of said cars, however, being ofmetal, are still serviceable. Also, the American Railway Association isgiving serious consideration to the adoption of a standard all-steel boxcar in which the inside Width between linings is to be approximately '8'9%", substantially wider than many of the existing wooden sheathed boxcars,`in order to better meet present day conditions.

The owners of said wooden sheathed box cars are, therefore, faced withthe problem of deciding whether to maintain the old cars with theirdimensions unchanged, or make extensive alterations when repairing saidcars which would result in inside dimensions conforming with those ofthe new standard all-steel box car now under consideration by theAmerican Railway Association.

It isobviously to the best interests of the railroads that the stillserviceable steel underframes of the old cars be re-used insofar aspossible in order that the cost of modernizing the old Wooden sheathedbox cars to metal sheathed box `cars of greater Width may be kept as lowas possible.

One object of this invention, broadly, is to provide a metal sheathedbox 'or house car wherein the posts to which the side wall metalsheathing is secured are disposed inside of the sheathing and 'theavailable inside width of the car between linings may, if desired, bemade approximately equal to the over-all lengths of the body holstersand other cross members of the car underframe.

More specifically. another object of the invention' is to provide ametal sheathed car, converted from a wood sheathed car, wherein all ofthe original underframe elements of the car may be retained and re-usedto thereby minimize the cost of the conversion, and wherein theeffective 50 or available inside width of the car may be materiallyincreased over that of the car in its original form by a re-arrangementof certain of the underframe members, and without increasing the lengthof the cross bearers and bolsters either by new parts or the addition ofcastings or the like 1933, Serial No. 661,036

(Cl. 10S-409) whose purposewould be to increase the length of existingcross members.

A further object oi the invention is to provide a metal sheathed box orhouse car wherein the side wall metal sheathings may be disposed in 5planes outwardly of vertical planes passingV through the ends of thecross members of the car underframe, variable desired distances toincrease the inside width of the car and wherein each side sill occupiesa turned and' reversed posil0 vtion as compared with its originalposition on the same cross members of the underframe of an originallyWood sheathed car from which the conversion has been" made.

Another object of the invention is to provide 15 a metal sheathed box orhouse car that may have l, been converted from a wood sheathed carhaving a Z-bar side sill wherein the side sill is so arranged withreference to the cross members of the underi'rame that a minimum amountof met- 20 al sheathing is required to form the side wall.

Other objects of the invention will more clearly appear from thedescription and claims hereinafter following.

In the drawings forming a part of this speci- 25 fication,fFigure 1 isan elevational view of a portion of the side of a car from the end walltoward the u sual door of a house car, showing the improvementsincorporated therein, parts being broken away to better accommodate theilgure 30 on the sheet. Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional viewcorresponding to the section line 2 2 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is anenlarged vertical sectional view of the car structure shown in Figure 1and corresponding to the line 3 3 thereof, 35 parts being broken out tobetter accommodate the figure on the sheet. Figure 4 is a view similarto Figure 3 illustrating another embodiment of the invention, Figure 4showing only those parts adjacent the ends oi.' the cross members of the40 car and the side sill. Figure 5 is a detailed vertical sectional viewoi the structure along the lower portions of the side wall of the carofthe wood sheathed present type of box cars before being converted to thewider metal sheathed cars shown in Figures 1 to 4. Figure 6 is a viewsimilar to Figure 3 illustrating still another embodiment of theinvention. Figure 7 is a detailed side elevational View of the structureshown in Figure 6 illustrating more particularly the brac- 50 ingattachment for the side sill. Figure 8 is a vertical sectional viewillustrating a still further embodiment oi' the invention.` And Figure 9is a broken side elevational view of the arrangement shown in Figure 8,illustrating more particularly the bracing attachment for the side sill.

In said drawings, and referring first to Figure 5 illustrating thepresent construction of many thousands' of wood sheathed box cars nowowned by the railroads, ||0 indicates one of the metal cross members ofthe car underframe: |20 one of the Z-bar side sills; |30 a floorsupporting angle secured to the side sill |20; |40 the floor boards; thewood ,side sheathing;A |80 the wood side posts; |10 the usual'woodlining terminating a short distance above the floor boards; |80 ltheusual grain shedding cleat; and |90 the usual side sill ller and nailingstrip.v

Still referring to Figure 5, it will be noted that the web I2 of theside sill overlies and is riveted to the upper sides of the ends of thecross members` of the car underframe, the outer flange |22 ofthe Z-bar|20 being extended downwardly and riveted to the vertical ends of thecross members, as indicated at |23. The inner ange |24 of the side sillextends vertically upward and to it is riveted the depending'fiange ofthe angle |30. It will further be noted that the wood sheathing |50 isin a plane lapproximately coinciding with a vertical plane passingthrough the ends of the cross members of the underframe, ,whereas thelining |10 is disposed in a vertical plane offset several inchesinwardly of the vertical 'plane passing through the ends of the crossmembers. The old cars now owned by the railroads and of which Figure 5is an exempliflcation, have an inside width between linings o f about 86%. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the constructionat the opposite side of the carl will be the same as that shown inFigure 5 and, also, that although only one of the cross members of theunderframe is shown, the same exemplifies all of the usual cross membersof the underi'rame such as the holsters, cross bearers, diaphragm and/orneedle beams.

In carrying out the present invention, where it is desired to convert awood sheathed car such as shown in Figure 5 and above described, toametal sheathed car of greater inside width and,.

at the same time reuse the side sills as well as the remainder of theunderframe, the side sill 20, referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, is turnedend for end as compared with its position shown in Figure 5, and alsorotated about its longitudinal axis through an angle of 90 and its web2| riveted to the vertical end faces of the underframe cross members l0,as clearly shown in Figure 3. The flange 24 of the side sill, originallyextended vertically upward in the wood sheathed car, is now extendedhorizontmly outwardly and the other flange 22 of the Z-bar is nowextended horizontally to overlie the cross members and be rivetedthereto, as indicated at 23. The angle 3l, originally the oor angle |30,in the converted car now occupiesv a position with one of its flangesextending vertically downward in a plane offset outwardly several inchesfrom the ends of the underframe cross members. In actual practice, the.floor angle |30 may be left in the original position relativeV to theZ-bar |20 as shown in Figure 5 or the rivet connectionsv therebetweenmay be taken out and a new set of rivet connections made providing for agreater over'- of choice dependent upon the size of metal side'- poststo be used with the metal sheathing.A

` To locate the floor boards 40 the dis tance above the tops of theunderframe mem--` Web extending perpendicular to the side wall of thecar andthe flanges thereof extending in opposite directions asbestindicated in Figure 2. The lower ends of said side posts are anchored tothe side sill A20,preferably by angle plates 6| on each side of the webthereof, said angle plates being riveted to the web of the post asindicated by the rivets 62, and also to the outwardly extending flangeof the Z-bar and angle 30, as indi` cated at 63. In this manner, theside posts are obviously rrmly supported on the side sill and mayadditionally be riveted thereto and to the ends of the cross members asby the rivets 64, Preferably wood fillers 65 will be employed with eachof the side posts and, at the corners of the car, the originalwoodcorner posts 86 may be retained, as 'indicated in Figure 2.

To further utilize as much of the original wood sheathed box car aspossible, when the same is to be converted to incorporate the presentinvention, the original wood side plates 66 are reemployed but have anadditionally reinforced attachment to the carlines 61 by means of a U-shaped strap or plate 68 extending around the sides and bottom thereof-and riveted to theend of the carline, as indicated at 69, and anotherplate or strap extending over the top and down the outer side thereofand which -is riveted to the top of the carline as indicated at 12.Further, to adapt the. old structure to the metal sheathing and widerdimension, a Z-bar side plate 'I3 is employed, the same having itsupstanding flange 14 positioned between the overlapping ends of thestraps 68 and 1| and riveted thereto, the

other flange of the side plate 13 being downturned as indicated at 15.The upper ends of the Z-bar side posts are anchored to the yside plate13 by plate angles 'I6 similar to the plate angles 6| employed at thebottoms thereof.

The side wall metal sheathing may be of any l desired type andpreferably consists of plane or flat sheet metal panels 50-50 and 5|,the same being applied to the outer sides of the posts, as shown. Thelower panel 5| 'preferably comprises a single panel extending fromcorner post to door post and in addition to being riveted to the sideposts has its lower edge riveted to the side sill structure by theseries of rivets 52 and thus' provide a weather sealed structure alongthe bottom of the sidewall. 'I'he vertical lap joints of the upperseries of panels 50 are preferably opposite each of the side posts, asindicated at 53 in Figures 1 and 2.- At the corners of the car, the endpanel 50 and end of the panel 5| are preferably lapped under and rivetedto the sideiiange 54 of the metal end wall of the car. The upper edgesof the panels 50 are extended beneath the dependingoverlie and areriveted to the upper edge of the l panel 5| as indicated by the seriesof rivets 56, thus providing Water shedding joints, as will beunderstood.

The inside lining of the car 10 is applied against the inner sides ofthecorner and side posts and is disposed in a vertical plane approximatelycoinciding with avertical plane passing through the web of the side silland ends of the cross members, as best indicated in Figures 2 and 3. InFigure 3 is indicated by dotted lines at |19 the original position ofthe lining of a wood box car .prior to conversion and it will be notedthat at each side of the car, the inside width has been increasedseveral inches. In the present instance as shown in Figure 3, theincrease is approximately three inches on each side or a total increasein the inside width of the car of approximately six inches, thisincrease being obtained by reusing the original side sills and crossmembers of the underframe and without the addition of any castings orother extension memvbers that would otherwise add to the cost ofmaterial as well as labor. Furthermore, the present improvements permitthe reclaiming or reuse of the old 'wood side plates and carlines by themere addition of reinforcing plates or straps and Z-bar side plates. 'f

Referring next to the construction shown in Figure 4, 2li) indicates oneof the cross members of the car; 229 the side sill; 230 the anglecorresponding to the original angle |39; 23| an additional angle; 290the floor Stringer; 240 the floor boards; 210 the inner lining; 26|! theZ-bar side posts; and 250 the outside metal sheathing. In thisconstruction, the side sill is turned through an angle of with referenceto its original position illustrated in Figure 5 and with its webextending vertically in a plane corresponding substantially to avertical plane passing through the vertical end sections proper of thecross members of the underframe. The angle 23|) is also shown shiftedfrom one side to the other side of the z-bar flange and relocatedinwardly slightly so as to permit using side posts 26|) of smaller size.The lower angle 23| is preferably employed in order to provide a firmerconnection between the Z-bar side sill 220 in its rotated position andthe cross members, inasmuch as the angle 23| allows of a rivetedconnection with the ends of the cross members, as indicated at 232. Inthe Figure 4 arrangement, the same advantages are obtained as inthestructure illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 and also an additionaladvantage in that a lesser quantity of material is required to completethe sheet metal sheathing inasmuch as the same is not extendeddownwardly as far as in the construction illustrated in Figure 3, forinstance. In the Figure 4 form, there will preferably be only one seriesof panels extending from the side sill up to the side plate.

Referring next to the construction shown in Figures 6 and '1, one of themetal cross members of the underframe is indicated at 3||i to the top ofwhich at the end thereof is shown the Z-bar side sill 320 attached bymeans of its lower inwardly extending flange 324, the web extendingvertically and the upper flange 322 extending horizontally outward. Inthis arrangement it will be noted that the side sill is so located thatthe web thereof is in a vertical plane dis-- posed somewhat inwardly ofa vertical plane passing through the vertical end faces of the crossmembers, thus providing for a somewhat increased inside width of the carbut not as great as that'provided by the arrangements shown in Figures 3and 4. To the web of the side sill is secured an additionallongitudinally extending angle 33| and also another angle 33|), thelatter being so arranged that its outer flange extends vertically upwardand to which the lower edge of the metal side sheathing 350 is adaptedto be riveted therealong as indicated at 352. The floor boards 340 aresupported on the angle 33| and combined angle 330 and side sill flange322, as shown. In this arrangement, metal side posts 365 are employed tothe outer flanges of which is riveted the sheathing and to the innerflanges of which is secured the inner wood lining 310.

At the roof of the car, the arrangement is somewhat similar to thatshown in Figure 3, the carlines 361 having a strap 31| secured thereto,which takes over the upstanding flange 314 of a Z-bar side plate 313,the latter having its outer flange depending and to the inner side ofwhich is secured the upper edge of the sheathing as by the rivets 355.In this arrangement, each carline 361 has an outwardly extended flange369 engaging beneath the wood side plate 366, which is confined betweenthe ends of the carlines 361 and the metal side plate 313. At eachcarline tie plates 368 are riveted t-o the carline extensions 369 andweb of the side plate 313, as indicated. The upper and lower ends of themetal posts are anchored to the metal side plates and side sill by thecorner angles 316 and 36|, respectively.

In order to afford a more secure attachment between the side sill andcross members of the underframe, a combined attaching and bracing member390 is employed at each cross member. Said attaching member 399 is ofangular cross section with one flange 39 |l thereof secured by a pair ofrivets 392 to the web of the side sill, the member 390 being angularlybent so that the other flange 393 thereof will lie against the side webof the crossv member and to which it is riveted as by a plurality ofrivets 394, thus affording a larger riveting area between the side silland each cross member.

Referring to the construction illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, the endportion of one of the cross members is'indicated at 4|0, the turnedZ-bar side sill at 420, the latter having .its lower flange 424extending inwardly and riveted to the top of the cross member and itsupper flange 422 extended horizontally outwardly. In this arrangement,the side sill is located substantially in the same vertical plane asthat of Figure 6 but, as will be understood, its position may be shiftedinwardly or outwardly, as desired, to provide the desired inside widthof the car. 'Ihe arrangement of angle 43|, angle 430, side sheathing450,

side posts 465, corner angle 46| and inner sheathing 410 is the same asthat illustrated in- Figure 6 and need not be further described. I

In the Figure 8 arrangement, to provide a more substantial attachmentbetween the side sill and each cross member, a combined attaching andbracing plate 490 is employed, the same being of generally rectangularform with a central rectangular opening 49| to allow' the same to bepassed over the endA of the cross member, as shown. Said plate issecured to the web of the side sill `by horizontal series of rivets 492and, along its lower edge, by another series of rivets 493 tofadepending flange 494 of an angle having its other flange riveted to thebottom flange of the cross member 4 0 as by the rivets 495.

In all of the converted forms illustrated and described, it will benoted that the webs of the Z-bar side sills are approximately in linewith the inner sides of the posts and that the greater section modulusof the Z-bar is presented to the advantage for the reason, as understoodby those skilled in the art, that all wooden superstructure box cars arebuilt as underframe carrying cars, that is, the posts, braces and Woodside plates are not intended or depended upon to carry the live or deadload of the car, this function being intended primarily for theunderframe wherein the load stresses applied vertically to the crossmembers, other than the bolsters, are transmitted laterally inwardly tothe center sill. With the converted car of the present invention,employing metal side plates, posts and sheathing, each side wall of thecar including the side plate, side sill, posts and sheathing, forms agirder with the side plate in compression and the side sill in tensionand the load primarily transferred to the bolsters, thus relieving thecenter sill of a large part of its live and dead load-carrying functionsand increasing the life of the car.

From the preceding description, taken in connection with the drawings,it will be seen that the railroads are enabled to not only convert manyof their present wood sheathed box cars to metal sheathed cars but alsoat the same time, to rn'ake the converted car of such increased insidewidth as Amay be desired while reusing the underframe members, includingthe side sills, of the present Wood sheathed box cars, thus minimizingthe expense of conversion and at the same time providing a much moreserviceable and longer life car than at present.

Although the invention has herein been shown and described withparticular reference to the conversion of one type of wood box car to ametal sheathed car, nevertheless the same is by way of description onlyand not by way of limitation, inasmuch as the conversion described maybe carried out with reference to other types of Wood sheathed carsand,further, the improvements incorporated in new cars all without departingfrom the spirit of the invention. All changes and modifications aretherefore contemplated that come within the scope of the claims appendedhereto.

What is claimed is:

-1. A house car including: a metal underframe having cross members;Z-bar side sills directly attached to said cross members at therespective ends thereof, each Z-bar having its web disposed verticallywith one of its fianges overlying and secured to the tops of the crossmembers and its other flange projecting horizontally outwardly beyondthe ends of the cross members; an angle secured to said last namedflange of ,each Z-bar and having its outer flange extending verticallyand also disposed in a plane outwardly beyond a vertical plane passingthrough the ends of the cross members; metal side posts having theirlower ends terminated above said outwardly extended flanges ofthe Z-barsills and anchored to said side sills and to said outer flanges of saidangles; and metal sheathing formed separately from the posts and securedto the outer sides of said posts and also to said vertically extendingflanges of the angles.

2. A house car including: a metal underframe having cross members; aZ-bar side sill attached to the ends of said cross members, said Z-barhaving its web disposed vertically with one of its flanges overlyingandsecured to the tops of the cross members and its other flange projectinghorizontally outwardly beyo'nd a vertical plane' passing through the endfaces of the cross members; an angle secured lto said outwardly extendedflange of the Z-bar and having its outer flange extending vertically; alongitudinally extending iloor Stringer secured to said overlying flangeof the Z-bar; floor boards secured to said stringer; metal side postsanchored at their lower ends to said side sill; metal sheathing securedto the outersides of said posts and to said outer vertical ange of theangle; and an inner lining positioned against the inner sides of saidposts and secured in said position, said lining being disposed in avertical plane substantially coinciding with a vertical plane passinglthrough the ends of the cross members.

3. A metal sheathed and widened box car converted from a wood sheathedbox car, the converted car including: a metal underframe having crossmembers; an angle-sectioned side sill having one portion thereof securedto the cross memvends to said Z-bar side plate and side sill; and

metal sheathing secured to said Z-bar side plate, side sill and outersides of said posts.

4. A metal sheathed and widened box car converted from a wood sheathedbox car, the converted car comprising: a metal underframe having crossmembers; a Z-bar side sill secured to said cross members and having itsweb extending vertically and one of its flanges extending outwardly ofthe web and beyond the ends of the cross members; an angle secured tosaid outwardly extended Z-bar flange and having its outer flangeextending vertically; carlines; a Wood side plate secured to the ends ofsaid carlines; a Z-bar side plate located on the outer side of the woodside plate; means securing the wood and Z-bar side plates together;metaly posts secured at their upper and lower ends to the Z-bar sideplate and side sill; and metal side sheathing secured to said Z-bar sideplate, side posts and angle.

5. A metal sheathed box car-converted from a wood sheathed box caroriginally having a metal underframe of cross members -and a Z-bar sidesill with the web thereof horizontally overlying and secured to the topsof the cross members, the converted car having a. Z-bar side sill withits web disposed vertically to thereby present its greater sectionmodulus to vertical stresses, the lower p flange of the Z-bar beingsecured to the tops of the cross members and the upper flange of theZ-barprojecting horizontally outwardly of the vertical plane through theends of the cross members; metal posts anchored at their lower ends tothe upper Z-bar flange; metal sheathing secured to the outer sides ofsaid posts; and a side plate to which the upper edge portions of thesheathing are secured.

6. A metal sheathed and widened boxcar converted from a wood sheathedbox car originally having wood side plates and a metal underframe ofcross members and Z-bar side sills with the Webs of the latterhorizontally overlying and secured to the tops of the cross members, theconverted and widened car including the Z-bar side sills, each with itsweb disposed vertically in a.

plane approximately coinciding with a vertical plane passing through theends of the cross members and one of its flanges extending outwardly ofsaid plane, said side sills being secured to the cross members at theends thereof; carlines; wood side plates secured to the ends of saidcarlines; Z-bar side plates disposed outwardly of the wood side plates;means securing the wood and Zbar side plates together; metal -sidelposts secured at their upper and lower ends to said Z-bar side platesand side sills; and metal sheathing secured to said lZ-bar side plates,side sills and outer sides of said posts, the Z-bar side sills in theconverted car presenting their greater section modulus to verticalstresses and the converted side walls functioning. as girders.

7. A metal sheathed box car converted from a wood sheathed box caroriginally'having a metal underframe of cross members and a Z-bar sidesill with the web thereof horizontally overlying and secured to the topsof the ends of the cross members, the converted car having a Z-bar sidesill with its web disposed vertically and its upper flange extendinghorizontally outwardly, the lower flange being secured to the crossmembers; means additionally connecting the web of the Z-bar side sill tothe cross members; posts anchored at` their lower ends to said outwardlyextended flange of the side sill; and metal sheathing secured to theouter sides of said posts.

8. A house car including: a metal underframe having cross members; Z-barside sills located entirely above and secured to the tops of said crossmembers at the ends of the latter, each Z- bar having its web disposedvertically; bracing connectors secured to the webs of the Z-bars atpoints above the cross members and to the cross members; side postsanchored at their lower ends to the side sills; and side wall metalsheathing secured to the posts.

9. A house car including: a metal underframe having cross members; aZ-bar side sill having its web disposed vertically and in a planeinwardly oiset from a vertical plane passing through the vertical endfaces of the cross members, said Z- bar having its lower ange secured tothe cross members and its upper flange extending horizontally outward;an angle secured to said outwardly extending flange, the angle havingone of its flanges extending vertically; a side plate; posts anchored attheir top and bottom ends to said side plate and side sill; and metalsheathing secured along its bottom edge to said vertical flange of theangle.

10. A metal sheathed box car converted from a wood sheathed box caroriginally having a metal I underframe of cross members and a Z-bar sidesill with the Web thereof horizontally overlying and secured to the topsof the ends of the cross members, the converted car having a Z-bar sidesill with its web disposed vertically and its upper flange extendinghorizontally outwardly, the lower flange being secured to the crossmembers; posts anchored at their lower ends to said outwardly extendedflange of the side sill; and metal sheathing secured to the outer sidesof said posts.

11. In a car side wall repair and widening construction adapted to beerected upon existing underframe metal cross members of an originallywood sheathed car having an original inside width substantially lessthan the over-all length of the cross members, in combination: a metalside plate having a vertically disposed depending flange; a plurality ofvertically disposed metal posts secured at their upper ends to said sideplate; metallic sheathing riveted to the outer sides of said posts andto said depending vertical flange of the side plate; and means forsecuringthe bottom ends of the posts and uniting the lower edge of themetal sheathing to the existing cross members including, a Z-bar sidesill having its web disposed vertically approximately in line with theinner faces of the. posts and one of its flanges extended outwardlybeyond the end faces of said cross members and beneath the bottoms ofthe posts, and an angle secured to said outwardly extended Z-bar ange,said sheathing being secured at its loweredge to said angle.

12. In the art of repairing and increasing the inside width of box carsoriginally having wood sheathing, wood posts, wood lining and a metalunderframe including crossmembers and Z-bar side sills, wherein eachside sill has its outer ange depending and secured to the ends of thecross members, its web overlying and secured to the tops of the crossmembers and its inner ilange extending upwardly approximately in linewith the inner surface of the sheathing, the improvement which includes:removing said wood sheathing, posts, lining and Z-bar side sills fromthe underframe'; repositioning on and securing the Z-bar side sills tothe original cross members. each sill with one of its anges attached tosaid cross members, its other flange extending outwardly and the Webs ofthe Z-bars disposed in vertical planes located substantial distancesoutwardly of the respective vertical planes originally occupied by saidinner upwardly extended flanges of the Z-bars; securing metal posts attheir lower ends to and in vertical alinement with said outwardlyextended iianges of the repositioned Z-bar side sills; securing metalsheathing to the outer sides of said posts; and securing wood lining tothe inner sides of said posts approximately in vertical alinement with.the Webs of the repositioned Z-bar side sills whereby, the inside widthof the car is increased an' amount corresponding substantially to thedifference between the original distance between said upstanding flangesof the Z-bar side sills and the distance between the vertical webs ofthe repositioned Z-bar side sills.

JOHN P. MCWILLIAMS. FRANK DITCHFIELD.

